Factfulness: Ten Reasons We're Wrong about the World - and Why Things Are Better Than You Think

Hans Rosling with Ola Rosling and Anna Rosling Rönnlund
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INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER

“One of the most important books I’ve ever read―an indispensable guide to thinking clearly about the world.” – Bill Gates

“Hans Rosling tells the story of ‘the secret silent miracle of human progress’ as only he can. But Factfulness does much more than that. It also explains why progress is so often secret and silent and teaches readers how to see it clearly.” ―Melinda Gates

Factfulness: The stress-reducing habit of only carrying opinions for which you have strong supporting facts. When asked simple questions about global trends―what percentage of the world’s population live in poverty; why the world’s population is increasing; how many girls finish school―we systematically get the answers wrong. So wrong that a chimpanzee choosing answers at random will consistently outguess teachers, journalists, Nobel laureates, and investment bankers.

In Factfulness, Professor of International Health and global TED phenomenon Hans Rosling, together with his two long-time collaborators, Anna and Ola, offers a radical new explanation of why this happens. They reveal the ten instincts that distort our perspective―from our tendency to divide the world into two camps (usually some version of us and them) to the way we consume media (where fear rules) to how we perceive progress (believing that most things are getting worse).

Our problem is that we don’t know what we don’t know, and even our guesses are informed by unconscious and predictable biases.

It turns out that the world, for all its imperfections, is in a much better state than we might think. That doesn’t mean there aren’t real concerns. But when we worry about everything all the time instead of embracing a worldview based on facts, we can lose our ability to focus on the things that threaten us most.

Inspiring and revelatory, filled with lively anecdotes and moving stories, Factfulness is an urgent and essential book that will change the way you see the world and empower you to respond to the crises and opportunities of the future.

(Excerpt from amazon.com)

人生問題的有益答案 : 偉大思想家如何解決你的煩惱 (Great Thinkers)

The School of Life; 艾倫‧狄波頓 (Alain de Botton) 主編
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艾倫‧狄波頓請客！與偉大思想家喝下午茶，
你的煩惱和問題，他們都有答案…

那些日常生活的難題和煩惱，思想家都有答案！
他們的見解一針見血，撫慰人心，甚至饒富趣味，
能幫助我們預做準備，面對困難時，更勇敢恣意。

跟柏拉圖一起了解自己、與歌德旅行、與馬基維利談領導…
跟珍‧奧斯汀諮商愛情、看維梅爾欣賞日常、跟著松尾芭蕉從禁錮中逃離…

古往今來，哪些思想最有助於克服當前重大問題？解決生活的棘手難題？

由英倫才子艾倫‧狄波頓主編的《人生問題的有益答案》，為我們尋找切乎此時此刻的實用哲思，從哲學、政治理論、社會學、精神分析、藝術、建築，以及文學等領域，選出今日最能啟發我們的偉大思想，並且應用在生活中。

(摘錄自博客來網路書店)

The Written World: The Power of Stories to Shape People, History, Civilization

Martin Puchner
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The story of literature in sixteen acts—from Homer to Harry Potter, including The Tale of Genji, Don Quixote, The Communist Manifesto, and how they shaped world history

In this groundbreaking book, Martin Puchner leads us on a remarkable journey through time and around the globe to reveal the powerful role stories and literature have played in creating the world we have today. Through sixteen foundational texts selected from more than four thousand years of world literature, he reveals how writing has inspired the rise and fall of empires and nations, the spark of philosophical and political ideas, and the birth of religious beliefs.

We meet Murasaki, a lady from eleventh-century Japan who wrote the first novel, The Tale of Genji, and follow the adventures of Miguel de Cervantes as he battles pirates, both seafaring and literary. We watch Goethe discover world literature in Sicily, and follow the rise in influence of The Communist Manifesto. Puchner takes us to Troy, Pergamum, and China, speaks with Nobel laureates Derek Walcott in the Caribbean and Orhan Pamuk in Istanbul, as well as the wordsmiths of the oral epic Sunjata in West Africa. This delightful narrative also chronicles the inventions—writing technologies, the printing press, the book itself—that have shaped people, commerce, and history. In a book that Elaine Scarry has praised as “unique and spellbinding,” Puchner shows how literature turned our planet into a written world.

(Excerpt from amazon.com)

過於喧囂的孤獨 (Too Loud a Solitude)

赫拉．巴爾 (Hrabal, Bohumil)
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一九五四到一九五八年之間，赫拉巴爾曾於布拉格一處廢紙回收站當了四年打包工。據他自己說，他到這裏工作之後不久，便產生了要寫這麼一篇小說的想法，這個想法在他腦海裏醞釀了二十年之久。廢紙收購站的四年生活給他的感受如此之深，使他一直沒有放棄這個題材，而是不斷地對它加以補充，進行反覆的深刻思考。 故事主角是在廢紙收購站工作了三十五年的打包工漢嘉，他把珍貴的書從廢紙堆中挑出來，藏在家裡、藏在腦裡，他狂飲啤酒、啃噬著書本裡的思想和詞句，他從一無所知的青年變成滿腹詩書的老人，韓波的詩文、老子的《道德經》、萊布尼茨的情史，是他信手拈來的記憶，康德的話語是他感傷喃喃的聲音。

這是一個愛情故事——老打包工漢嘉和他經歷過的情人，他的工作，他的時代，還有他當作廢紙打包的書，以及他的生命。

他打開他珍愛的書籍，翻到最動人的一段，放在層層疊疊的廢紙中間，打成一個包，外頭再裹上一幅複製的名畫。儘管擺放壓力機的地下室蒼蠅成群、老鼠橫行，這潮濕惡臭的地窖卻在他的遊戲裡，在他的微笑裡成為天堂。

一九七二年，赫拉巴爾開始寫作，他曾三易其稿：先是詩、次是散文、完成則為一部憂傷的敘事曲。第一稿作者自稱是「一部阿波里奈爾式的詩稿」，因為他「把整個故事看成僅僅是抒情詩了」；第二稿改為散文，用的是布拉格口語，但他覺得缺乏嘲諷味兒，即我們在文中感受的黑色幽默。他認為主人公，一個通過閱讀廢紙回收站的舊書而無意中成為的文化人，用口語作獨白不很合適，於是又改用作者所說的「一絲不苟的嚴謹語言，捷克書面語」寫出了第三稿。這一稿讀來猶如一部憂傷的敘事曲，他滿意地說：「直到現在這個故事才是動人的。」到了一九七六年，本書終於完稿，但當時無法問世，只得放在抽屜裏。直到一九八九年底才由捷克斯洛伐克作家出版社正式出版。

(摘錄自eslite.com)

Why We Sleep: Unlocking the Power of Sleep and Dreams

Matthew Walker
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A New York Times bestseller

The first sleep book by a leading scientific expert—Professor Matthew Walker, Director of UC Berkeley’s Sleep and Neuroimaging Lab—reveals his groundbreaking exploration of sleep, explaining how we can harness its transformative power to change our lives for the better.

Sleep is one of the most important but least understood aspects of our life, wellness, and longevity. Until very recently, science had no answer to the question of why we sleep, or what good it served, or why we suffer such devastating health consequences when we don't sleep. Compared to the other basic drives in life—eating, drinking, and reproducing—the purpose of sleep remained elusive.

An explosion of scientific discoveries in the last twenty years has shed new light on this fundamental aspect of our lives. Now, preeminent neuroscientist and sleep expert Matthew Walker gives us a new understanding of the vital importance of sleep and dreaming. Within the brain, sleep enriches our ability to learn, memorize, and make logical decisions. It recalibrates our emotions, restocks our immune system, fine-tunes our metabolism, and regulates our appetite. Dreaming mollifies painful memories and creates a virtual reality space in which the brain melds past and present knowledge to inspire creativity.

Walker answers important questions about sleep: how do caffeine and alcohol affect sleep? What really happens during REM sleep? Why do our sleep patterns change across a lifetime? How do common sleep aids affect us and can they do long-term damage? Charting cutting-edge scientific breakthroughs, and synthesizing decades of research and clinical practice, Walker explains how we can harness sleep to improve learning, mood, and energy levels; regulate hormones; prevent cancer, Alzheimer’s, and diabetes; slow the effects of aging; increase longevity; enhance the education and lifespan of our children, and boost the efficiency, success, and productivity of our businesses. Clear-eyed, fascinating, and accessible, Why We Sleep is a crucial and illuminating book.

(Excerpt from amazon.com)

決斷的演算 : 預測、分析與好決定的11堂邏輯課 (Algorithms to Live By)

布萊恩‧克里斯汀 (Brian Christian), 湯姆‧葛瑞菲斯 (Tom Griffiths)
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訪問近五十年來最知名演算法的設計者，
了解工程師如何教電腦發揮最大效用，並將所學用於生活。
讀者大推：「真是過癮！」

在《人工智慧來了》這本書中，作者提出「主動向機器學習」是這時代最核心、最有效的學習方法之一，在《決斷的演算》裡，各具心理學與電腦科學背景的兩位作者則揭櫫：為何跟電腦學決策你不僅不會變成理性魔人，反而會更加明智且善體人意。

▎說到演算法，你想到的是政府和大企業如何利用數學模型算計你？
其實，演算法的本質是「解決問題的一連串步驟」，它的發展遠遠早於電腦，不只長期為各研究領域與產業實務帶來重大變革，更能幫助個人跳脫盲點與錯誤直覺，明快地解決問題。

▎說到機器學習，你以為考慮因素越多越好、比較複雜的模型較佳？
其實，當今電腦運算時並非套用死板的演繹邏輯，點滴不漏地羅列所有選擇，琢磨出正確答案。它們會捨棄不必要的資料，偏向選擇較簡單的解答，權衡誤差或延遲的代價，接著冒險一試。

▎說到電腦，你認為它冰冷且毫無彈性，思考方式跟人腦南轅北轍？
事實上，我們面臨的許多挑戰，跟電腦科學家一樣都源於：要運用有限的空間、時間和注意力，因應未知事物和不完整的資訊，因此電腦解決問題的方式，能在極大程度上與人們的作法融合。

《決斷的演算》各章以常見的日常問題開場，從釐清它們的演算結構著手，以問題所屬類型為骨架（副章名），紮實的電腦科學發展史為血肉（章名），探討一代代的研究者為這類問題找出什麼解決方案，這些收穫顛覆了我們對於「合理」的看法，不僅幫助其他領域獲得新進展，也為個人生活帶來實用啟示，像是：

❖自動駕駛汽車能改善交通阻塞，打造交通天堂？你可能要失望了。現在自私駕駛人各行其是的情形其實已接近最佳狀態。（演算法賽局理論，自主行為代價）
❖證明「所有雙人賽局至少有一個均衡狀態」的奈許均衡，讓約翰．奈許拿下了諾貝爾經濟獎，但它的地位可能言過其實。為什麼？（賽局理論）
❖你打算在十八歲到四十歲期間覓得人生伴侶，那麼幾歲時選定的對象可能最好？答案是二十六歲。（最佳停止點，37％法則）

(摘錄自博客來網路書店)